Imaging detection of new HCCs in cirrhotic patients treated with different techniques: Comparison of conventional US, spiral CT, and 3-dimensional contrast-enhanced US with the Navigator technique (Nav 3D CEUS)

Abstract

Introduction The commercially available Navigator system © (Esaote, Italy) allows easy 3D reconstruction of a single 2D acquisition of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) imaging of the whole liver (with volumetric correction provided by the electromagnetic device of the Navigator ©). The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of this panoramic technique (Nav 3D CEUS) with that of conventional US and spiral CT in the detection of new hepatic lesions in patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods From November 2006 to May 2007, we performed conventional US, Nav 3D CEUS, and spiral CT on 72 cirrhotic patients previously treated for 1 or more HCCs (M/F: 38/34; all HCV-positive; Child: A/B 58/14) (1 examination: 48 patients; 2 examinations: 20 patients; 3 examinations: 4 patients). Nav 3D CEUS was performed with SonoVue © (Bracco, Milan, Italy) as a contrast agent and Technos MPX © scanner (Esaote, Genoa, Italy). Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) were evaluated. Differences between the techniques were assessed with the chi-square test (SPSS release-15). Results Definitive diagnoses (based on spiral CT and additional follow-up) were: 6 cases of local recurrence (LocRecs) in 4 patients, 49 new nodules >2 cm from a treated nodule (NewNods) in 34 patients, and 10 cases of multinodular recurrence consisting of 4 or more nodules (NewMulti). The remaining 24 patients (22 treated for 1–3 nodules, 2 treated for >3 nodules) remained recurrence-free. Conventional US correctly detected 29/49 NewNods, 9/10 NewMultis, and 3/6 LocRecs (sensitivity: 59.2%; specificity: 100%; diagnostic accuracy: 73.6%; PPV: 100%; NPV: 70.1%). Spiral CT detected 42/49 NewNods plus 1 that was a false positive, 9/10 NewMultis, and all 6 LocRecs (sensitivity: 85.7%; specificity: 95.7%; diagnostic accuracy: 90.9%; PPV: 97.7%; NPV: 75.9%). 3D NAV results were: 46N (+9 multinodularN and 6 LR), 3 false-negatives, and one false-positive (sensitivity: 93.9; specificity: 97.9%; diagnostic accuracy: 95.6; PPV: 97.9; NPV: 93.9). Conclusions 3D Nav CEUS is significantly better than US and very similar to spiral CT for detection of new HCCs. This technique revealed the presence of lesions that could not be visualized with spiral CT.