Abstract
Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare angiopathy, which most commonly presents in infancy. Although very rare, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In order to minimize such morbid rates, a prompt diagnosis followed by a timely initiation of management is crucial. Multiple antenatal and postnatal imaging techniques for the diagnosis have been described and discussed in the literature. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive review exploring such a list of imaging options for VGAM has never been established. We aim to review the diagnostic tools to aid in better understanding of the investigative modalities physicians may choose from when treating patients with a VGAM.
Highlights
BackgroundDural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a rare condition that arises from acquired arteriovenous shunts within the dura mater [1,2,3]
We aim to review the diagnostic tools to aid in better understanding of the investigative modalities physicians may choose from when treating patients with a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM)
A rare subtype of a DAVF is the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM), which is known as the median prosencephalic arteriovenous fistula (Figure 1) [1, 5]
Summary
Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a rare condition that arises from acquired arteriovenous shunts within the dura mater [1,2,3]. A rare subtype of a DAVF is the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM), which is known as the median prosencephalic arteriovenous fistula (Figure 1) [1, 5]. MRI is becoming the imaging modality of choice for VGAM because of its non-invasive nature and its ability to delineate soft tissues effectively i.e., accurately visualizes hydrocephalus, cortical atrophy and injury, and cardiac complications, and to differentiate a VGAM from a cerebral AVM that drains into the vein of Galen (Figures 4-6) [2, 8, 11, 22,23]. VGAM: vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation; TS: transverse sinus; OOS: oblique occipital sinus; SS: sigmoid sinus
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