Abstract
Radiologists should be aware of the findings of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) due to the diagnostic and management value of imaging. We are attempting to define the most common diagnostic imaging findings of liver AE, along with the prevalence and distribution of those findings. The patients’ US, CT, and MRI images were reviewed retrospectively. CT images were acquired with and without the administration of contrast medium. The MRI protocol includes T2-weighted images (WI), diffusion (WI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and pre- and post-contrast T1WIs. The current study included 61 patients. The mean age of the population was 58.2 ± 9.6 years According to Kratzer’s categorization (US), 139 lesions (73.1%) were categorized as hailstorm. According to Graeter’s classification (CT), 139 (73.1%) lesions were type 1-diffuse infiltrating. The most frequent types were Kodama type 2 and 3 lesions (MRI) (42.6% and 48.7%, accordingly). P2N0M0 was the most frequent subtype. The current study defines the major, characteristic imaging findings of liver AE using US, CT, and MRI. Since US, CT, and MRI have all been utilized to diagnose AE, we believe that a multi-modality classification system is needed. The study’s findings may aid radiologists in accurately and timely diagnosing liver AE.
Highlights
Cestodes belonging to the Echinococcus genus can cause Echinococcosis, a universal health issue
The most frequently encountered magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern was a heterogeneous mass with irregular contours with central necrosis (78.7%)
It was previously stated that liver alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is typically seen between the ages of 5–7 decades [13,16], which corresponded to the mean age of our population, which was in the fifth decade
Summary
Cestodes belonging to the Echinococcus genus can cause Echinococcosis, a universal health issue. Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) and Echinococcus multilocularis are both important for medical and public health because they cause cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively (AE). CE and AE are both dangerous and severe disorders, with a high fatality rate and a dismal prognosis if not managed properly, in the case of AE [2,3]. The larval mass in humans’ E. multilocularis and E. granulosus adult stages live in the intestines of carnivores (definitive hosts), primarily foxes and other wild canids and dogs for E. multilocularis, and primarily dogs for E. granulosus. The feces of carnivores are utilized to disperse eggs into the environment When intermediate hosts such as wild and domestic herbivores and omnivores swallow eggs that contain an embryonic stage (oncosphere), the oncospheres penetrate the intestinal mucosa and invade the portal venous or lymphatic systems. There is some evidence that AE may be transmitted by lymphatic drainage
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