Abstract
Seismic profiling across the ocean-land transition is a known challenge that requires a combination of data collection techniques. Seismic acquisition may require the use of swamp buggies, bay cables, ocean bottom hydrophones or seismometers, and/or marine air guns. The onshore-offshore seismic profiling technique, which uses moderate-to-widely spaced land instruments to record densely spaced marine air-gun sources, undershoots the coastline to provide detailed images of subsurface regions that cannot be seen in either marine or land profiles. Intermediate to wide-angle raypath geometries are common in this technique. Useful analysis methods include arrival-time velocity tomography or wide-angle prestack migration, neither of which is based on vertical-incidence raypaths.
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