Imagined Interactions and Inner Speech

Abstract

Similarities and differences between inner speech and imagined interactions (IIs) are discussed. Selected studies in both areas are reviewed. Inner speech originally was conceptualized as a stage in language acquisition and the process of thought. It reflects speaking to oneself in the form of monologue. It has been referred to as verbal thinking, inner speaking, covert self-talk, internal monologue, and internal dialogue as people talk to themselves in silence. IIs are similar, yet different in that imaginary dialogue reflects talking to another person while monologue is self-talk. IIs are a type of daydreaming, social cognition, and mental imagery in which people experience cognitive representations of conversation with accompanying verbal and nonverbal features. We highlight relevant studies in the areas of daydreaming, public speaking, rumination, cardiovascular arousal, and road rage. We conclude with two suggestions for future research.