Imagery Rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background and objectivesPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to childhood abuse (CA) is associated with high symptom complexity. This study examined the efficacy of Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) as a stand-alone treatment versus a sequenced approach with Skills training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) followed by ImRs for CA-related PTSD. MethodsOutpatients of two mental health clinics with CA-related PTSD (N = 61) were randomly assigned to ImRs (16 sessions; n = 21), STAIR/ImRs (8 STAIR-sessions followed by 16 ImRs-sessions; n = 20), or Waitlist (8 weeks; n = 20). Patients of the waitlist condition were also randomized to the two active conditions for comparison of STAIR/ImRs (total n for this condition = 31) and ImRs (total n for this condition = 30) and started treatment after waitlist completion. Assessments took place at pre-treatment, after each treatment phase and at 12-week post-intervention follow-up. PTSD symptoms and diagnosis were primary outcome measures, and depression, emotion regulation and interpersonal functioning were secondary outcomes. ResultsImRs showed greater reduction of PTSD severity (effect sizes [ES] 1.40–1.63) than STAIR (ES, 0.23–0.33) as compared to waitlist. When comparing STAIR/ImRs and ImRs directly, (i.e. including re-randomized Waitlist-patients), PTSD symptoms reduced significantly (within condition ES, 1.64–2.10) and improved further to 12-week follow-up (within-condition ES, 2.33–2.66), with no significant difference between both conditions (between-condition ES, 0.21–0.45). Loss of PTSD diagnosis was achieved by 70% in the ImRs condition and 86% in the STAIR/ImRs condition. LimitationsThe sample size was relatively small. ConclusionsResults show that ImRs is an effective treatment for CA-related PTSD, whereby the current data do not convincingly show an additive effect of STAIR.