Abstract
The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) imaging instrument on the polar-orbiting Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-20 satellite platforms has infrared window bands but no carbon dioxide and water vapor absorption bands; the latter are essential for accurately deriving atmospheric variables (such as temperature and moisture profiles, cloud properties). An approach for fusing a high spatial resolution imager (e.g., VIIRS) and a high spectral resolution sounder [e.g., Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)] offers the opportunity to construct new spectral band radiances (radiance fusion) as well as sounder retrieval products (product fusion) at high spatial resolution. Furthermore, temperature and humidity profiles can also be provided at a high temporal resolution when geostationary imager [Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)] data are used in combination with polar orbiting sounder (CrIS) data in a fusion approach. Promising results from VIIRS/CrIS and ABI/CrIS fusion are presented.
Highlights
Synergistic use of high spatial resolution imager data with high spectral resolution infrared (IR) sounder data provides advantages in various applications over the use of individual datasets alone
Our focus here is on the direct product fusion, retrievals from the fusion radiance estimates are presented to compare soundings at imager resolution produced in the two different ways: (1) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)/ Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) fusion is initiated to generate broadband CO2 and H2O sensitive IR radiances at imager resolution and a simple regression is used to produce retrievals with those radiances and (2) VIIRS/CrIS product fusion is performed, where DR CrIS high spectral resolution profile retrievals are directly transferred via the fusion process to high spatial imager resolution
VIIRS cloud mask (MODIS/VIIRS cloud mask or MVCM discussed in Ref. 12) display more refined features and improve the coverage, but miss some of the mid (500 hPa) and low (850 hPa) level attributes suggested in the CrIS soundings
Summary
Synergistic use of high spatial resolution imager data with high spectral resolution infrared (IR) sounder data provides advantages in various applications over the use of individual datasets alone. In product fusion, the hyperspectral sounder retrieval products (i.e., instead of convolved radiance data) from the FOVs, selected in the k-d tree search between the imager radiances at coarse and high resolution, are averaged to create the new sounding products at imager high spatial resolution. In both the VIIRS/CrIS radiance fusion as well the VIIRS/CrIS product fusion, the nearest neighbor search is using the VIIRS radiances from the split window near 11 and 12 μm. Product fusion results for VIIRS/CrIS and ABI/CrIS pairings are presented and discussed in Sec. 3, whereas Sec. 4 summarizes the work and its implications for simulating geostationary hyperspectral soundings
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