Abstract
Near infrared optical tomography (NIROT) is an emerging modality that enables imaging the oxygenation of tissue, which is a biomarker of tremendous clinical relevance. Measuring in reflectance is usually required when NIROT is applied in clinical scenarios. Single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array technology provides a compact solution for time domain (TD) NIROT to gain huge temporal and spatial information. This makes it possible to image complex structures in tissue. The main aim of this paper is to validate the wavelength normalization method for our new TD NIROT experimentally by exposing it to a particularly difficult challenge: the recovery of two inclusions at different depths. The proposed reconstruction algorithm aims to tackle systematic errors and other artifacts with known wavelength-dependent relation. We validated the device and reconstruction method experimentally on a silicone phantom with two inclusions: one at depth of 10 mm and the other at 15 mm. Despite this tough challenge for reflectance NIROT, the system was able to localize both inclusions accurately.
Highlights
Imaging the body with harmless near infrared optical tomography (NIROT, called diffuse optical tomography) is appealing to medical professionals and patients
Near infrared optical tomography (NIROT) is an emerging modality that enables imaging the oxygenation of tissue, which is a biomarker of tremendous clinical relevance
We show an example of ToFs from 3 detectors located at different distances from the active light source (Fig. 5)
Summary
Imaging the body with harmless near infrared optical tomography (NIROT, called diffuse optical tomography) is appealing to medical professionals and patients. The recently developed TD NIROT Pioneer system utilizes a 32×32 array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) measuring time of flight (TOF) for 12.5 ns with time resolution 116 ps [9]. It is equipped with 11 sources of pico-second ultra-fast super-continuum laser radiation. Relative images with different source positions were used as the calibrated data for a fiber and charge-coupled device (CCD) camera based system to eliminate the artifacts from the imperfect calibration [14] It demands to know the accurate relative power of each fiber optic source and relative offsets in time delay caused by, e.g. different fiber lengths, for a SPAD system
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