Abstract
Image-guided spinal surgery with the use of computer assistance enhances preoperative anatomic assessment as well as intraoperative spinal localization and navigation. This technology gives the surgeon an unprecedented ability to visualize and manipulate 3-dimensional imaging data along clinically relevant planes, enabling the surgeon to preoperatively assess the technical feasibility of a given procedure with respect to osseous navigation. Intraoperative registration of preoperative imaging data (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) to the patient provides a more accurate means of localizing critical spinal structures than conventional methods. Tracking of surgical instruments in relation to patient-specific anatomy provides a view of structures hidden beneath the exposed spinal surface and a virtual view of proposed drill or screw trajectories. Image-guided spinal surgery can serve as a valuable tool for intraoperative navigation, particularly when dealing with complex or abnormal spinal anatomy. Considering the risks associated with certain operative procedures, such as C1–2 transarticular screw fixation, we believe that image-guided spinal surgery can offer a measure of safety exceeding that of conventional surgical approaches.
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