Abstract
The theory of image formation and analysis is formulated in Section A as an “aperture theory” applied to optical and electrical image-forming systems. It is shown that the properties and combination of “apertures” (point-images) can be described in the space domain by transmittance functions and in the frequency domain by their Fourier spectra (sine-wave response). The mathematical formulation demonstrates that the basic operation of image formation and analysis is a successive integration of the products of two functions, letting one function “scan” the other function, mathematically termed “convolution.” The equivalent passband N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> of an aperture or system emerges again as a significant and convenient parameter for specifying their characteristics by a single number.
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