Abstract
Digital image content authentication addresses the problem of detecting any illegitimate modification on the content of images. To cope with this problem, a novel semifragile watermarking scheme using the pinned sine transform (PST) is presented in this paper. The watermarking system can localize the portions of a watermarked image that have been tampered maliciously with high accuracy as well as approximately recover it. In particular, the watermarking scheme is very sensitive to any texture alteration in the watermarked images. The interblock relationship introduced in the process of PST renders the watermarking scheme resistant to content cutting and pasting attacks. The watermark can still survive slight nonmalicious manipulations, which is desirable in some practical applications such as legal tenders. Simulation results demonstrated that the probability of tamper detection of this authentication scheme is higher than 98%, and it is less sensitive to legitimate image processing operations such as compression than that of the equivalent DCT scheme.
Highlights
While digital media offer many distinct advantages over their analog counterparts, the ease with which they can be edited and tampered makes the protection of their integrity and authenticity a serious and important issue
A variety of semifragile watermarking schemes have been proposed in the literature to solve this problem, the above issue of “selective content authentication” has not been vigorously addressed
We investigated the problem of the selective content authentication of digital images through a novel semifragile watermarking using the pinned sine transform (PST)
Summary
While digital media offer many distinct advantages over their analog counterparts, the ease with which they can be edited and tampered makes the protection of their integrity and authenticity a serious and important issue. In [6], Lin and Chang proposed a method that could localize malicious tampering to the image content while accepting JPEG compression to a predetermined quality factor (QF). Their method achieved its goal by using an invariant relationship between two DCT coefficients in a block pair before and after JPEG compressions. The motivation for developing a semifragile watermarking based on PST is due to the observation that this transform could provide an effective way to solve both the abovementioned selective content authentication problem and the issue of exposing the cutting and pasting counterfeiting attacks. The proposed scheme’s resistance to VQ counterfeiting attacks is demonstrated in Section 6, followed by experimental results and the conclusion in Sections 7 and 8
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