Illustration of demand response supported co‐ordinated system performance evaluation of YSGA optimized dual stage PIFOD‐(1 + PI) controller employed with wind‐tidal‐biodiesel based independent two‐area interconnected microgrid system

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This study proposes an earliest approach toward coordinated frequency stabilisation of wind turbine driven generator-tidal power generation-biodiesel driven generator-micro-turbine generator-based islanded two-area interconnected microgrid system with demand response support (DRS) mechanism. A recent bio-inspired optimisation technique, named yellow saddle goatfish algorithm (YSGA) is employed to optimally tune the controller gains. The comparative dynamic performance of conventional proportional–integral–derivative (CPID), fractional order (FO) PID, dual-stage PIFOD-one plus PI [PIFOD-(1 + PI)] controllers’ parameters optimised by several algorithmic tools such as particle swarm optimisation, firefly algorithmic tool, salp swarm technique and YSGA clearly designates the superiority of YSGA-PIFOD-(1 + PI) controller under different scenarios (considering the real-time recorded wind and load data) in terms of change in frequency, tie-line power fluctuation and objective function. Furthermore, the impact of the DRS mechanism in both areas is analysed first time under real-time wind and load disturbances. Finally, the rigorous sensitivity analysis of YSGA-optimised PIFOD-(1 + PI) controller has been conducted with the variation of wind turbine driven generator gain, ±30% change in synchronising tie-line factor, frequency bias value, microgrid system time constant and + 30% change in loading magnitude without retuning the optimal base condition values.