Abstract
The present research featured the illicit trade in Russian gold and silver coins in Xinjiang in the 1850's. The paper focuses on the problems of control and customs services, as well as on the difficulties connected with the trade in Russian goods. The historical analysis was based on the documents written by Konstantin Adrianovich Skachkov, the then Russian Consul in Chuguchak. The materials were obtained from the Research Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library. In his report, Consul K. A. Skachkov compared the state of the markets of the Russian-Chinese trade in Chuguchak and Kyakhta. He highlighted the broad prospects for trade development in Xinjiang. The Consul paid great attention to the problems on the young market of Central Asia and proposed some measures to improve the situation. He performed a comparative analysis of the trading activities of a Russian merchant and a smuggler. The analysis makes it possible to reconstruct the trading process, determine the cost of transportation, and formulate the commercial benefit resulting from the legal trade and the contraband trade. K. A. Skachkov concluded that despite the high potential for trade development, the region was torn apart by substantial internal contradictions and demanded greater attention from the government. The illicit trade in Russian coins was caused by the barter trading on the Xinjiang market in 1850's.
Highlights
The present research featured the illicit trade in Russian gold and silver coins in Xinjiang in the 1850's
The paper focuses on the problems of control and customs services, as well as on the difficulties connected with the trade in Russian goods
The historical analysis was based on the documents written by Konstantin Adrianovich Skachkov, the Russian Consul in Chuguchak
Summary
Аннотация: Рассматривается проблема контрабандной торговли русской золотой и серебряной монетой на территории Западного Китая в 50-е гг. Что меновой характер русско-китайской торговли стал главной причиной развития контрабанды золотой и серебряной монетой на территории Западного Китая в 50-е гг. Сравнительно-исторический метод позволяет провести сопоставление проблемы контрабандной торговли русской золотой и серебряной монетой в Синьцзяне со схожими процессами в рамках русско-китайской торговли в Кяхте на границах с Монголией. Большое значение для данного исследования представляет метод исторической реконструкции, который позволил детально восстановить процесс торговли русских купцов и контрабандистов, осуществлявших торговые операции на территории Западного Китая в середине XIX в. В отличие от русских купцов, согласно «Правилам торговли с Западным Китаем», прилагаемым к Кульджинскому договору 1851 г., восточные торговцы, привозившие товар из Китая, должны были выплачивать таможенные пошлины.
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