Abstract
Epilepsy is a diagnosis encompassing >40 clinical syndromes consisting of biochemical, anatomic, and physiologic changes that lead to recurrent seizures. Abundant evidence of a genetic contribution to the epilepsies derives from a variety of sources, including familial aggregation studies; twin studies; linkage, association, and gene identification studies in human epilepsies; and studies of human mendelian disorders with seizures as part of the phenotype (1,2).Most gene discoveries over the last 6-year period have been confined to epilepsies showing single-gene inheritance. These genes were mapped in relatively uncommon large pedigrees and subsequently identified by positional cloning or the positional candidate approach (3). Although there are undoubtedly more monogenic epilepsies to discover, many occur in pedigrees too small or few in number to allow successful gene localization. In addition, a large number of seizure disorders reflect complex inheritance, involving multiple, possibly interacting genes, with or without additional environmental influences.
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