Abstract
Dry eye disease is a multifactorial, complex and chronic disease that entails an important inflammatory component. The prevalence of this condition continues to increase, with the potential to significantly reduce patients’ quality of life. Treatment options are limited, and thus new treatment options are continuously being investigated in the laboratory and in the clinic. IL-1 receptor antagonist is a targeted biologic that blocks the binding of IL-1α and IL-1β to their signaling receptor IL-1R1, thereby nullifying their inflammatory function. Treatment with topical IL-1 receptor antagonist has been shown to reduce inflammation in experimental dry eye in mice. Recently, a prospective, randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled clinical trial confirmed the previous preclinical results, and showed that topical application of IL-1 receptor antagonist significantly reduces corneal epitheliopathy and symptoms of discomfort in patients with dry eye disease.
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