Abstract
CD4 T cells play a critical role in mediating adaptive immunity to a variety of pathogens as well as in tumor immunity. If not adequately regulated, CD4 T cells can be also involved in autoimmunity, asthma, and allergic responses. During TCR activation in a particular cytokine milieu, naïve CD4 T cells may differentiate into one of several lineages of T helper (Th) cells, including Th1, Th2, and Th17, as defined by their pattern of cytokine production and function. IL-1, the prototypic proinflammatory cytokine, has been shown to influence growth and differentiation of immunocompetent lymphocytes. The differential expression of IL-1RI on human CD4 T cell subsets confers distinct capacities to acquire specific effector functions. In this review, we summarize the role of IL-1 on CD4 T cells, in terms of differentiation, activation, and maintenance or survival.
Highlights
CD4 T cells play a critical role in mediating adaptive immunity to a variety of pathogens as well as in tumor immunity
In addition to their protective functions against invading pathogens, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells contribute to the development of human disorders: Th1 and Th17 cells have been thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases, as well as other chronic inflammatory disorders, such as Crohn’s disease (CD), psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA); Th2 cells certainly play a central role in the development of allergic disorders [10,11,12]
Different models of mice either deficient for IL-1RI or for IL-1α/IL-1β were analyzed to verify the effects in the Th2 response; most of the studies agree with the idea that both cytokines promote proliferation and differentiation of Th2 cells in vitro and in vivo, but some other found no effects or even the opposite
Summary
CD4 T cells play a critical role in mediating adaptive immunity to a variety of pathogens as well as in tumor immunity. BOTH MICE AND HUMANS TH17 EXPRESS IL-1RI AND ARE MODULATED BY ITS SIGNALING For the in vitro differentiation of naïve T cell into Th17 cells in the mouse, the scientific community was fairly unanimous in defining TGF-β and IL-6, as the key cytokines.
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