IJCM_71A: Adverse birth outcomes and its association with non-communicable diseases and behavioral risk factors among Indian women: a secondary analysis from National Family Health Survey- 5.

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy may be associated with several adverse outcomes. India, with its diverse population, presents a unique setting for studying the determinants of adverse birth outcomes. Objectives: Among women respondents of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5): 1. To estimate prevalence of adverse birth outcomes; 2. To determine association between adverse birth outcomes and various non- communicable diseases (NCDs), behavioral risk factors. Methodology: We have analyzed the latest available data from NFHS- 5 (2019-2021) gathered from Demographic Health Survey program with permission. Prevalence of adverse birth outcome was estimated using weighted prevalence. Binary logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and p-values < 0.005 were considered statistically significant. Results: Data pertaining to 2,02,798 respondents were analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 27.56 (±5.255) years. Prevalence of adverse birth outcome was 80318 (39.6%). Among the adverse birth outcomes, low birth weight (28,605, 17.7%) was more common followed by preterm birth (23,532, 12.3%). NCDs like anemia (AOR- 1.023; 95%CI- 1.004-1.042; p=0.019), hypertension (AOR- 1.059; 95%CI- 1.024-1.095; p<0.001), heart disease (AOR- 1.464; 95%CI- 1.285-1.668; p=0.00), thyroid disease (AOR- 1.258; 95%CI- 1.187-1.332; p<0.001), tobacco usage (AOR- 1.152; CI- 1.095-1.211; p<0.001) were significantly associated with presence of any adverse birth outcomes. Conclusion: From this secondary data analyzed from NFHS-5, prevalence of adverse birth outcome is high among Indian women aged 15-49 years. Several factors significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes were determined. Findings from this analysis may have implications concerning pregnant women with NCDs and behavioral risk factors.