IJCM_372A: Perceptions regarding menstruation and practices during menstrual cycles among women with disability in Sarjapur PHC area, Anekal Taluk, Bengaluru urban district- A mixed method study

Abstract

Background: Menstruation has always been surrounded by different perceptions throughout the world. Women with disability (WwD) face greater challenges in managing their menstruation hygienically and with dignity. It is essential to know the perceptions of WwD and their practices as they can be more vulnerable to infections. Objective: To assess the perceptions regarding menstruation and practices during menstrual cycles among WwD in a rural area of Bengaluru urban district. Methodology: This mixed-method study was done among WwD in the reproductive age group residing in a rural area of Bengaluru. A sample of 100 WwD were recruited for the quantitative part of the study using convenient sampling. Trained research assistants administered the study questionnaire comprising demography, knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) during menstrual cycles. The qualitative part comprised of focus-group-discussions and in-depth-interviews among WwD and their caretakers. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27(±10.5) years, 15% were illiterate, 35% had locomotor-disability, 10% had multiple-disabilities, 18% severe disability and 9% were dependant on others during menstruation. Among WwD, 73% had knowledge about menstruation before attaining menarche, 94% felt that menstruation was a physiological process, 76% used sanitary pad during menstruation. The knowledge score ranged 0-7 with a mean of 5.19(±1.69). The attitude score ranged 5-25 with the mean being 14.89(±7.08) and practice score ranged 0-5 with mean of 2.19 (±0.79). Broad qualitative themes identified were, awareness on menstrual hygiene, challenges faced due to disability, social support and cultural practices. Qualitative findings revealed that women with physical disability were hesitant to step out fearing staining of clothes. Women raised concerns about a lack of autonomy when caregivers changed their pads. Conclusion: The perception among WwD regarding menstruation was found to be satisfactory but practices were inadequate. The WwD have been educated about safe and hygienic practices.