IJCM_333A: Household Air Pollution Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder Outcomes in Children: Insights from the HAPIN India Study

Abstract

Background: The global public health challenge of household air pollution, stemming from conventional cooking practices and the widespread use of solid fuels, is a critical concern. Exposure to indoor air pollutants has been associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly affecting vulnerable populations like pregnant women and young children. The Household Air Pollution and Neurodevelopment (HAPIN) study addresses this issue through a multicentric randomized controlled trial spanning four diverse countries: Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorder among children residing in HAPIN study site of India. Methodology: A cross-sectional assessment for autism spectrum disorders within the HAPIN cohort was done.365 children aged 2 to 3 years were studied to explore the potential link between household air pollution and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Household air quality, measuring PM2.5, CO, and black carbon, was assessed using established protocols. Neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly ASD, was screened using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) in children aged 2 to 3 years, and screened positive children were evaluated by a psychiatrist to diagnose autism spectrum disorder using DSM-5 criteria. Results: There is significant association between exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, and black carbon) and the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a prevalence rate of 5.48%. Conclusion: ASD prevalence rate of 5.48%, underscore the global relevance of the impact of household air pollution on neurodevelopment. Urgent interventions are warranted to mitigate the risk of ASD, particularly for vulnerable populations like pregnant women and young children, emphasizing the imperative for cleaner cooking practices and improved indoor air quality.