Abstract
It has been known for some considerable time that the highest beds of the Northumberland and Durham Coalfield lie approximately beneath the town of Sunderland. The great syncline of the Coalmeasures of this area is distinctly accentuated in North-East Durham, so that a secondary basin-like depression is formed, in the centre of which these high beds occur. Beneath Sunderland, -where the top layers also exist, the Carboniferous rocks are concealed by the overlying Permian strata, but at a place called Claxheugh on the Wear, about two miles west of Sunderland, the Coal-measures are exposed for a short distance on both the north and south banks of the river.
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