Abstract
BackgroundThe humoral immune response against Anopheles salivary glands proteins in the vertebrate host can reflect the intensity of exposure to Anopheles bites and the risk of Plasmodium infection. In Colombia, the identification of exposure biomarkers is necessary due to the several Anopheles species circulating. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk of malaria infection by measuring antibody responses against salivary glands extracts from Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albimanus and Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi and also against the gSG6-P1 peptide of Anopheles gambiae in people residing in a malaria endemic area in the Colombian Pacific coast.MethodsDried blood spots samples were eluted to measure the IgG antibodies against salivary gland extracts of An. albimanus strains STECLA (STE) and Cartagena (CTG) and An. darlingi and the gSG6-P1 peptide by ELISA in uninfected people and microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium carriers from the Colombia Pacific Coast. A multiple linear mixed regression model, Spearman correlation, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to analyse IgG data.ResultsSignificant differences in specific IgG levels were detected between infected and uninfected groups for salivary glands extracts from An. albimanus and for gSG6-P1, also IgG response to CTG and gSG6-P1 peptide were positively associated with the IgG response to Plasmodium falciparum in the mixed model.ConclusionThe CTG and STE An. albimanus salivary glands extracts are a potential source of new Anopheles salivary biomarkers to identify exposure to the main malaria vector and to calculate risk of disease in the Colombian Pacific coast. Also, the gSG6-P1 peptide has the potential to quantify human exposure to the subgenus Anopheles vectors in the same area.
Highlights
The humoral immune response against Anopheles salivary glands proteins in the vertebrate host can reflect the intensity of exposure to Anopheles bites and the risk of Plasmodium infection
Sociocultural variables and antibody responses to mosquito antigens The exposure to mosquito bites in the area of Tumaco in Nariño (Colombia) (Fig. 1) was studied shows the characteristics of participants according to the status of infections
Detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against Anopheles salivary gland extracts (SGE) and gSG6‐P1 peptide by infection status The level of antibodies against An. albimanus salivary proteins from both strains (STE and CTG) and against the gSG6-P1 peptide was significantly higher in volunteers with Plasmodium infection (CTG, Mann–Whitney test p = 0.0004; STE, Mann–Whitney test p = 0.033; and gSG6-P1, Mann–Whitney test p = 0.0016) antibody levels (Fig. 2)
Summary
The humoral immune response against Anopheles salivary glands proteins in the vertebrate host can reflect the intensity of exposure to Anopheles bites and the risk of Plasmodium infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk of malaria infection by measuring antibody responses against salivary glands extracts from Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albimanus and Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi and against the gSG6-P1 peptide of Anopheles gambiae in people residing in a malaria endemic area in the Colombian Pacific coast. Significant advances have been made towards its elimination in several previously endemic countries, malaria remains a significant public health concern [1]. Malaria remains one of the foremost public health concerns in some states in Colombia such as Nariño, which is located along the Pacific coast of the country. In 2017, 26% of malaria cases in Colombia came from Nariño where, unlike other
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
