Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly generated a pandemic. Vaccines are currently being rolled out to control the viral spread and prevent deaths. Emergency vaccines, using new platforms, have been approved. Their effectiveness, safety and immunogenicity in different populations are not fully known. This study aimed to discover the immunogenicity of the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) BNT162b2 and adenovirus vector Ad5-nCoV vaccines through IgG antibody generation against subunit 1 of protein S (S1 IgG) and assess the side effects of the vaccines. A total of 115 vaccinated people were included, 61 of whom received the BNT162b2 vaccine, while 54 received Ad5-nCoV. Measurements of S1 IgG antibodies were carried out using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The BNT162b2 vaccine generated S1 IgG antibodies in 80.3% of the participants after the first dose. The number of seropositive participants increased to 98.36% with the administration of the second dose. The Ad5-nCoV vaccine generated S1 IgG antibodies in 88.89% of those vaccinated. Women generated more antibodies when administered either vaccine. There were no serious adverse effects from vaccination. In conclusion, not all participants had detectable S1 IgG antibodies. The Ad5-nCoV vaccine presented the most seronegative cases. The studied vaccines were shown to be safe.
Highlights
SARS-COV-2 has recently been circulating in humans and generating the COVID-19 disease, with diverse clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic infection to severe forms of the disease [1]
In the case of the BNT162b2 vaccine S1 IgG antibodies were detected after the application of the first dose in 80.3% of the participants
Regarding the importance of humoral immunity, in animal models, studies show that the generation of IgG and neutralizing antibodies is important to defend against SARS-CoV-2 infection [23,24]
Summary
SARS-COV-2 has recently been circulating in humans and generating the COVID-19 disease, with diverse clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic infection to severe forms of the disease [1]. SARS-COV-2 has recently been circulating in humans and generating the COVID-. Published studies of vaccines suggest that they are immunogenic, effective and well-tolerated [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Their effectiveness is still being evaluated and could differ according to the population and the circulating variants, which could evade the protection conferred by vaccination [12,13,14]. It is important to note that the protection of vaccines authorized for emergency use against SARS-CoV-2 is from severe COVID-19 and not necessarily from infection [15]
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