IgE autoantibodies in atopic dermatitis--occurrence of different antibodies against the CH3 and the CH4 epitopes of IgE.

Abstract

Levels of "free" anti-IgE autoantibodies and IgE/anti-IgE immune complexes were measured in the sera of patients with atopic dermatitis before and after treatment, psoriasis patients, and nonatopic controls. In this measurement, we used two monoclonal antibodies with distinct in vitro functions (LE 27, BSW 17), directed against the epsilon CH3 and CH4 domains of the IgE Fc-fragment, in a novel immunobinding assay. In patients with atopic dermatitis, elevated levels of "free" anti-IgE antibodies and IgE/anti-IgE immune complexes were detected in comparison to psoriasis patients and controls. In addition, there was a positive correlation between total IgE and the amount of IgE/anti-IgE complexes detected by LE 27 (r = 0.7; P < 0.001) or BSW 17 (r = 0.64; P < 0.001) in patients with atopic dermatitis. In contrast, an inverse correlation was observed between total IgE and "free" anti-IgE antibodies (r = -0.34; P < or = 0.05) in atopic dermatitis. However, serum levels of anti-IgE autoantibodies before and after therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis did not differ, and levels of anti-IgE antibodies did not correlate with clinical severity, as evaluated by an established clinical scoring system. Our data clearly indicate that significantly elevated amounts of anti-IgE antibodies could be observed in patients with atopic dermatitis, which are directed against different epitopes on the IgE molecule. It is tempting to speculate that these autoantibodies exert different effects of IgE-receptor-bearing effector cells and may play an important role in IgE regulation.