If You Build It, Will They Consume? Key Challenges for Universal, Reliable, and Low-Cost Electricity Delivery in Kenya

Abstract

Kenya’s rapid electrification in the past decade has improved the lives of millions, and can serve as a template for other countries that are growing their electricity systems and coverage. However, significant challenges remain: many more remain without access, there is low consumption among those that are connected, and the electricity supply has poor reliability and quality. This paper provides analysis that shows electrification can be improved by considering cheaper options that still meet the needs of low consumers and that low consumption is a first-order problem for the sustainability of utilities.