Abstract
Calcium metabolism disturbances are common in childhood. In infancy, hypercalcemia generally occurs due to hyperparathyroidism, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, subcutaneous fat necrosis, total parenteral nutrition administration, hyperthyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency. Granulomatous disorders such as tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are rarer cause of hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia outcomes including nephrocalcinosis, brain, eye, artery calcifications and encephalopathic features are life-threatening. We report a seven-month-old girl with miliary tuberculosis who presented with severe hypercalcemia.
Highlights
Calcium metabolism disorders are common in children
In infancy and the early childhood period, conditions of the mother such as hypoparathyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, thiazide diuretics, lithium and excessive vitamin D3 intake can lead to hypercalcemia
We report on a seven-month-old girl with miliary tuberculosis who presented with severe hypercalcemia
Summary
Calcium metabolism disorders are common in children. Hypercalcemia is a relatively rarer condition than hypocalcemia [1]. The most common causes of hypercalcemia in older children and adults are primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancy and granulomatous diseases [2]. In infancy and the early childhood period, conditions of the mother such as hypoparathyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, thiazide diuretics, lithium and excessive vitamin D3 intake can lead to hypercalcemia. In this period both mother and infant must be investigated together [1]. A child with mild (total serum calcium < 12 mg/dL) or chronic hypercalcemia frequently goes undiagnosed. In severe hypercalcemia (total serum calcium > 13.5 mg/dL) nausea, vomiting, dehydration and encephalopathic features, including coma and seizure, may occur [1]. We report on a seven-month-old girl with miliary tuberculosis who presented with severe hypercalcemia
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