Idiopathic Gingival Fibromatosis Rehabilitation: A Case Report with Two-Year Followup

Mahesh Jayachandran,Shalini Kapoor,Rethi Mahesh

doi:10.1155/2013/513153

Abstract

Gingival enlargements are quite common and may be either inflammatory, noninflammatory, or a combination of both. Gingival hyperplasia is a bizarre condition causing esthetic, functional, psychological, and masticatory disturbances of the oral cavity. Causes of gingival enlargement can be due to plaque accumulation, due to poor oral hygiene, inadequate nutrition, or systemic hormonal stimulation (Bakaeen and Scully, 1998). It can occur as an isolated disease or as part of a syndrome or chromosomal abnormality. A progressive fibrous enlargement of the gingiva is a facet of idiopathic fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva (Carranza and Hogan, 2002; Gorlin et al., 1976). It is described variously as fibromatosis gingivae, gingivostomatitis, hereditary gingival fibromatosis, idiopathic fibromatosis, familial elephantiasis, and diffuse fibroma. We present a case of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis with its multidisciplinary approach of management.

Highlights

Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis is characterized by a slowly progressive, benign enlargement, which affects the marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental papilla
Most cases of hereditary gingival fibromatosis appear to be inherited in an autosomal-dominant manner, autosomal recessive inheritance has been reported
A mutation in the Son of sevenless1 (SOS-1) gene has been suggested as a possible cause of isolated gingival fibromatosis [3]

Summary

Introduction

Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis is characterized by a slowly progressive, benign enlargement, which affects the marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental papilla. The fibromatosis may potentially cover the exposed tooth surfaces, causing esthetic and functional problems, and in extreme cases may distort the jaws. Gingival tissues surrounding both the maxillary detention and the mandibular dentition may be affected. Buccal and lingual tissues may be involved in both the mandible and the maxilla This anomaly is classified into two types according to its form—the nodular form and the symmetric form. The symmetric form which is the most common type of this disorder results in uniform enlargement of the gingiva. Autosomal-dominant forms of gingival fibromatosis, which are usually nonsyndromic, have been genetically linked to the chromosomes 2p21-p22 and 5q13-q22 [3,4,5]. Diffuse gingival enlargement is found to be associated with syndromes like Cross syndrome, Rutherford syndrome, Ramen syndrome, Zimmerman Laband syndrome, and Juvenile hyaline syndrome [1, 2, 6] (Table 1)

Case Report

Discussion

Findings

Conclusion