IDF21-0063 Inadequate dietary energy intake and metabolic syndrome in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) or syndrome X is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that has been well demonstrated to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Dietary energy intake (EI) is considered as an important nutritional approach to prevent MetS. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MetS in HD patients, and to evaluate the association between daily energy intake with metabolic abnormalities and MetS among HD patients. Method: A total of 157 HD patients were included in this prospective study. The dietary intake was assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls, demographic, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical data were also analyzed. The frequency of MetS was diagnosed using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adults Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. The cut-off values of daily EI were 30 kcal/kg for patients aged 60 years and above and 35 kcal/kg for those aged less than 60 years. Results: The results report a prevalence of 22.7% for MetS and 60% for inadequate EI. A significant association of inadequate EI with higher prevalence of elevated waist circumference, overweight or obesity and with high total cholesterol levels was disclosed among 60% of the study sample. Furthermore, inadequate EI was associated with higher proportion of metabolic abnormalities and MetS (p < 0.05) in this population. Discussion: MetS is prevalent among HD patients with a risk of developing complications like cardiovascular disease. Moreover, our results revealed that inadequate dietary energy intake (IDEI) was associated with more MetS abnormalities especially with general and abdominal obesity and hypercholesterolemia. These results were in line with several previous studies. All these findings reveal that promoting adequate nutritional approach could help to improve dialysis quality and prevent the negative effects of metabolic disorders, and hence improve the quality of life of HD patients.