Abstract
Background: Up to 40% of diabetic patients develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD). While glomerulus abnormalities are the key pathological changes in DKD, tubulointerstitial injury is considered to be a better indicator of functional progression of renal disease. Tubular injury is getting more attention in very early stage of DKD for its preceding role in the initiation of diabetic glomerular pathology. A prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in diabetes leads to tubular epithelial cell apoptosis.
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