Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) persists to be a major health problem worldwide and it is well accepted that T2DM is a metabolic disorder caused by hyperglycemia, which arises from insufficient pancreatic insulin secretion to peripheral tissues. Moreover, scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1) protein plays a major role in the uptake of cholesteryl ester from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and eliminates extra cholesterol from peripheral tissues as bile by the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) Lack of SRB1 protein can result in an imbalance of cholesterol, dyslipidemia and eventually lead to insulin resistance. Aim: The present study aimed to determine whether the expression level and genetic polymorphism scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1) rs5888 may be used as biological markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method: A total of 600 individuals, including 300 T2DM and 300 healthy individuals, were enrolled in the study from April 2016 to April 2017. Blood samples were collected from each T2DM and healthy individual. Total proteins were determined using western blot analysis. Also, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was achieved to detect the incidence of genetic polymorphisms. Results: Western blot analysis results revealed that the protein expression of SRB1 was significantly decreased in T2DM of SRB1 CC variant as compared with controls. The genotype distribution and the allelic frequencies for the SRB1 polymorphism were significantly different than T2DM and controls. CC genotype of the SRB1 polymorphism showed a potential association with the incidence of T2DM (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 0.63 - 2.25, P = 0.577). Discussion: In the present study, SRB1 CC variant had decreased SRB1 protein expression which might be due to variation in the regulatory region of the SRB1 gene that could involve in differential expression of SRB1 as the variant was located in the promoter region of the gene and could hinder the binding of transcriptional factor. Additionally, previous reports also found that the rs5888 SNP affected SRBI RNA secondary structure, which changed its ability to undergo productive protein translation leading ultimately to significantly lower SRB1 protein expression.
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