Abstract

espanolRESUMEN: Mediante una discusion articulada en torno al concepto de ideologia linguistica, en este trabajo se examinan criticamente aquellos estudios que han investigado la competencia en lengua indigena en Chile. Si bien dichos estudios no definen adecuadamente su objeto de analisis, todos ellos reflejan, tanto a nivel teorico como metodologico, la influencia de las ideologias monoglosica y de la lengua estandar. Estas ideologias linguisticas imponen al estudio de dicha competencia en lengua indigena un sesgo monolingue y una vision de las lenguas como entidades con una forma canonica uniforme. Se argumenta que las proposiciones contenidas en los estudios de competencia no solo no se corresponden con las caracteristicas sociolinguisticas presentes en situaciones de contacto, sino que tambien repercuten en la evaluacion que se hace de los sujetos al crear e imponer externamente jerarquias y categorias de hablantes. El articulo finaliza sugiriendo una aproximacion diferente al estudio de la situacion sociolinguistica de las lenguas indigenas en Chile que supere la fijacion con una nocion de competencia vagamente definida y que invite al descubrimiento, la descripcion y la comprension de las practicas linguisticas y los repertorios verbales y comunicativos de -y desde- los hablantes, en relacion directa con sus complejas y cambiantes realidades sociales, culturales y comunicativas. EnglishABSTRACT: This paper critically examines studies dealing with the so-called competence in an indigenous language in Chile. Through an analysis articulated around the notion of language ideology, it is shown that these studies are shaped, theoretically and methodologically, by the influence of monoglossic and standard language ideologies. These ideologies impose a monolingual bias and a view of languages as reified, standard and homogenous on the study of competence. It is argued that the propositions contained in these studies do not reflect the sociolinguistic characteristics of contact situations in Chile and that they enforce external categories and hierarchies of speakers. It is concluded by suggesting a different approach to the study of the sociolinguistics of indigenous languages where the emphasis is not so much on an ill-defined notion of competence but on the discovery, description and explanation of language practices and communicative repertoires that include speakers’ perspectives in relation to their changing sociocultural realities.

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