Identity Implications of Conformity: Sex Differences in Normative and Attributional Judgments

Abstract

Based on situated identity theory, which postulates that behaviors are enacted in order to claim particular identities, it was hypothesized that differences in conformity rates for males and females are a function of sex differences in the identity implications of conformity. Identity implications of conformity were assessed in a simulation of a recent conformity experiment (Santee and Maslach, forthcoming). Observers indicated the relative values of identities available in the experimental situation (normative judgments) and made inferences about actors' identities based on information about their conformity behavior (attributional judgments). Factor analysis of observers' normative judgments revealed two evaluative dimensions: instrumentality and expressiveness. For both normative and attributional judgments, females judge conformity as a more positive, self-defining act. This finding explains the higher rates of conformity exhibited by females in the original conformity experiment and in a self-presentational simulation reported in the present study. Inconsistencies in research on sex differences in conformity may be understood by examining the identity implications of conformity in {he context of various experimental paradigms.