Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to investigate urinary metabolic changes after exposure to petrochemical complex pollutants, vanadium (V) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Methods: We recruited high exposure groups, who live near a petrochemical complex with higher urinary levels of V and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP; PAHs biomarker), aged 9-15 (group A, n=39) and =55 years (group C, n=68). Low exposure groups lived further away from the complex with lower urinary levels of V and 1-OHP, matched to high exposure groups by age 9-15 (group B, n=66) and =55years (group D, n=68). Urine metabolomes were analyzed following Nature protocol using 2 dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). 3 online databases were used for characterization: Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB). Partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to find metabolic changes between exposure groups. Results: GCxGC-TOFMS extracted 478 peaks. PLS-DA examined metabolic profile variances and found clear separation between exposure groups. On the basis of the variable importance in the projection threshold (VIP=1) and p
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