Identifying the Adverse Health Impacts of Conventional Buildings for Residential Occupants

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Abstract Numerous issues and environmental concerns are attributed to the construction and operation of conventional buildings globally. Dire among these issues are the health impacts of these buildings on their occupants. The study aims to identify the adverse health impacts of conventional buildings on occupants in South Africa based on construction professionals’ perspectives. A field survey was carried out among construction professionals in the Gauteng Province of South Africa to identify the adverse health impacts of conventional buildings on occupants. The study used a simple random sampling method to select participants to avoid sampling bias. A well-structured, closed-ended questionnaire survey was developed and administered to respondents to gather data for the study. The questionnaire comprised twenty-six (26) adverse health impacts identified through an extensive literature review. The collected data from 159 respondents were then subjected to descriptive and inferential analyses using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) methods. The study’s findings showed that sensitivity to odours, daytime dysfunction, and fatigue were the highest-ranked adverse health impacts on conventional buildings’ occupants. The EFA returned five factors that provided a relevant understanding of the adverse health impacts of conventional buildings on occupants: respiratory symptoms, neurological and cognitive effects, general body discomfort, infectious diseases, and sensory sensitivity. In conclusion, the study emphasises the need for attention to the indoor environment and its potential impact on occupants’ health and well-being with evidence that factors in conventional buildings, such as air quality, lighting, noise, temperature, and hygiene practices, play a significant role in influencing occupants’ health outcomes.