Identifying some regularities of radio frequency propagation of a radar system by analyzing different environmental effects

Abstract

Free space path loss is a function of frequency and propagation distance and the RF signal propagates at light speed in all directions in free space. The performance evaluation of wireless and radar communication technologies is related to understanding the propagation environments. This work presents the modeling of several RF propagation properties that include atmospheric attenuation due to rain, free space path loss, gas, and fog, as well as multipath propagations caused by ground bounces. The methodology discusses the developed model according to the series of (ITU) International Telecommunication Union references to radio wave propagation. This work discusses the Free Space Path Losses (FSPL), and Propagation Losses (PL) due to the atmosphere, precipitation, snow, rain, clouds, fog, atmospheric lensing and absorption, and polarization mismatch. The work also discusses the vertical coverage diagram and radar propagation factor. The obtained results demonstrate that the PL increases with frequency and range, at a 90-degree roll angle, the attenuation approaches infinity, and as the altitude rises, the amount of attenuation caused by lensing decreases. The analysis of attenuation at 1 km vs. frequency variations, at roughly 60 GHz, indicated a high absorption owing to air gas. Lensing attenuations are also offered as secondary outputs for convenience, the wideband channels present higher performance crossways and a wide range of target height as expected. When the target height increases, the influence of multi-path fading approximately vanishes entirely due to the variation increasing in the spreading delay between the bounce and direct pathway signals. This will reduce the coherence sum between these two samples on receiving by the target