Identifying research priorities and essential elements of palliative care services for people facing malignant brain tumors: A participatory co-design approach.

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Primary malignant brain tumors (ie, brain cancer) impact the quality of life (QoL) for patients and care partners in disease-specific ways involving cognition and communication. Palliative care (PC) addresses patient/care partner QoL, but it is not known how PC may address the unique needs of brain cancer patients. The purpose of this project was to identify brain cancer PC research priorities using participatory co-design methods. Participatory co-design included the formation of a longitudinal, collaborative advisory group, engagement frameworks, design-thinking processes, and social media-based engagement over a 1-year period. Community-identified brain cancer QoL needs and research priorities were mapped to proposed "essential elements" of brain cancer PC services. We engaged an estimated 500 patients, care partners, healthcare professionals, and others with an interest in QoL and PC services for people with malignant brain tumors. Research priorities included testing the early introduction of PC services designed to address the unique QoL needs of brain cancer patients and care partners. Essential elements of brain cancer PC include: (1) addressing brain cancer patients' unique range of QoL needs and concerns, which change over time, (2) tailoring existing services and approaches to patient needs and concerns, (3) enhancing the involvement of interprofessional care team members, and (4) optimizing timing for PC services. This was the first participatory research effort exploring brain cancer patient and care partner QoL needs and PC services. The brain tumor community calls for research testing PC service models for patients that incorporate the "essential elements" of palliative care.