Identifying, Mapping and Assessing Landscapes

Abstract

The complex, varied and continuous landscape can be understood better when classified in types and spatial units. The classification process comprises three phases: identification, assessment and monitoring. Several methods for identifying and mapping landscape types and regions have been developed for different needs. Typologies classify landscapes that are distinct from each other based on a set of differentiating attributes, irrespective their location or geographical context. A chorology defines and delineates spatial landscape units and orders them in a hierarchy according to scale. Two approaches are possible in landscape classification: by subdivision or descending and by aggregation or ascending. Subdivision often used a holistic method similar to photo-interpretation. Aggregation follows a parametric method where first basic units are defined using a selection of attributes, which are subsequently clustered. Combined methods are possible and are more flexible in combining diverse data sources in a multi-scale context using holistic and parametric methods alternatively. The focus of the inventory can be on natural landscape regions, functional-historical characteristics of cultural landscapes and mapping the landscape scenery and mindscapes. This demands appropriate methods and different ways of representing the results, such as landscape atlases and catalogues. Assessment involves assigning values with a specific goal in mind. Landscape character assessment has become a common approach in landscape policy. As landscapes are dynamic, changes need to be monitored and different methods have been developed for different purposes.