Identifying dynamic restructuring effects in nanocatalysts by combining in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy: A review

Abstract

Monometallic and bimetallic nanostructures are of great importance to heterogeneous catalysis as the interaction with a support or the combination of metals results in a precise tuning of chemical properties. However, these nanostructures are susceptible to undergoing dramatic changes in morphology and composition in a reactive environment, which will ultimately affect the properties of the catalyst. Unfortunately, these changes are often not well understood, especially at the atomic level. This work reviews combined in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy approaches to gain an atomistic understanding of metallic structures in gaseous environments. Detailed understanding of the structural changes in nanostructures with these two characterization techniques is then used to guide the rational designs of active and stable catalysts.