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Abstract
Understanding the driving forces behind built-up land expansion is crucial in urban planning and management. Using the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration as research area, four landscape metrics were used to analyze landscape characteristics of urban expansion from 1990 to 2015. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to study the characteristics of built-up land expansion, while geographical detector was employed to identify the driving forces of urban land growth and their interactions. The results show the extent of built-up land has been increasing, the structure has become more complex, the level of fragmentation has been increasing, and the aggregation degree is in decline. The built-up landscape index shows spatial heterogeneity occurring in the core and peripheral towns of cities, as well as in the core and peripheral areas of the entire region. Also, changes in the built-up landscape index indicate increased spatial aggregation occurring in the past 25 years. Results from the geographical detector show natural, socio-economic, and transportation-related factors have substantial influence on built-up land expansion. Elevation, slope, population density, change in population density, and road network density were shown to have high influencing power. The influencing powers of slope and change in population density were also found to be different from other factors, highlighting their important role in urban development. Also, there were two types of interactions found, enhance nonlinear and enhance bivariate interactions, indicating the compounding influence of interactions between significant determinants. This study provides a new perspective and methodological approach in evaluating the driving forces behind built-up land expansion and their interactions.
Highlights
Urbanization has become a global phenomenon, which has significantly transformed society and the global economy and has become a crucial geospatial process [1]
We address the following research questions: (1) What are the landscape pattern characteristics of built-up land expansion? (2) What are the features of the impact of driving forces of built-up land expansion and the interactions between these factors? Using geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing technology, we employed geographical detector and landscape metrics to explore the landscape characteristics and impact of built-up land expansion for the Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomeration from 1990 to 2015
The urban area has increased in size, the shape has become more complex, the level of fragmentation degree has become higher, and the aggregation degree has been in decline
Summary
Urbanization has become a global phenomenon, which has significantly transformed society and the global economy and has become a crucial geospatial process [1]. After an extensive literature review, we found that several variables have often been considered in past studies These include topographic factors [5,14,23,26,27,28,29,30,31,32], population [18,23,26,29,30,31,32,33,34], Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [18,23,26,30,33,35,36], road effects [5,14,23,28,29,31,34], policy factors [21,28,29,30,31,34], and other factors [37,38,39].In this study, we explore the attributes and the impact of built-up land expansion and characterize the interactions between these factors.
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