Identifying depression, diabetes distress, and suicidality among adolescents with diabetes

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study explored the frequency of adolescents with diabetes who endorse suicidality on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) with varying degrees of depression scores. Additionally, compared whether diabetes distress levels from the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen (PAID-T) assessment tool is associated with and without suicidal ideation. Χ2 analysis was used to assess differences in subjects with or without suicidal ideation based on depression severity. Since all the data were nonparametrically distributed (Shapiro–Wilk test, p < .05), Kruskal–Wallis test assessed differences in continuous variables. Overall, 27 of 355 adolescents screened endorsed suicidal ideation. Both PHQ-9 [13 (9–17.8) vs 1 (0–4.5)] and PAID-T [88 (61.8–104.5) vs 40 (30–58.8)] scores were significantly higher in patients with suicidal ideation. The frequency of suicidal ideation increased with the severity of depression. The frequency of severe depression was higher in adolescents with type 2 diabetes (n = 48) than in type 1, but there was no difference in suicidality. Adolescents with no demonstrable or minimal depression can still have potential suicidal ideation. Suicidality is a separate construct that should be screened routinely and apart from any measures screening for distress or adjustment disorders associated with adolescents experiencing life-long chronic conditions in a healthcare follow-up setting.