Abstract
This article investigates the intersection and convergence of Smart Cities and Creative Cities that emerge with the availability of social media data, technology—smart technologies—and the shifting mode of cultural production—creative economies—forming a new nexus of Smart-Cultural Cities. It starts with a short review of literature surrounding Smart Cities and Creative Cities to establish domain criteria on Smart-Cultural Cities for Singapore. The article draws on a database of actors from authorities, industries, academia, and artists established by the research community in Singapore. Actors and domains are described using bipartite graphs and then analyzed by solving a deterministic optimization problem rather than computing a statistic. The result of this analysis reveals new clusters, nodes, and connections in the actor–domain network of the Singapore Smart-Cultural Cities discourse. The identified clusters are called “Urban Scenario Makers”, “Digital Cultural Transformers” and “Public Engagers”. The method gives significant insights on the number of clusters, the composition of each cluster, and the relationship between clusters that serve to locate and describe a next iteration of the Smart City that focusses on human interaction, culture, and technology.
Highlights
The shifting discourse on Smart Cities away from “smart” technology alone towards centering on humans on one hand, and the rise of the Creative Cities on the other, offers new perspectives on the development of cultural activities in the city
Can we identify meaningful groups of actors within the Smart-Cultural City of Singapore?
The White Paper, produced in 2011 by the Expert Working Group on Smart City Application and Requirements, clearly states the need to focus on broader aspects rather than only the technological ones: “The concept of Smart Cities is gaining increasingly high importance as a means of making available all the services and applications enabled by information and communication technologies (ICTs) to citizens, companies, and authorities that are part of a city’s system
Summary
The shifting discourse on Smart Cities away from “smart” technology alone towards centering on humans on one hand, and the rise of the Creative Cities on the other, offers new perspectives on the development of cultural activities in the city. The article is structured as follows: Section 1 discusses the evolution and evolving definitions of Smart Cities to determine what makes Singapore a Smart City. It introduces Creative Cities as a planning paradigm. It further describes the methodology of bipartite graphs used to solve a deterministic optimization problem as presented here.
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