Identify Appropriate Conservation Strategies for Rural People in Bangladesh

Abstract

1 * Abstract This study analyzes biodiversity, related socio-economic effects and the perception of rural people about conservation strategies at three conservation areas (Chunati wildlife sanctuary, Sitakunda eco-park, Dulahazara safari park) in Bangladesh. 75 sample plots were used to collect data on mature tree species and regeneration. By means of questionnaires the demands and perceptions of rural people living close to the conservation areas have been observed. In total 46 tree families have been identified with 159 varieties of tree species in all three study areas. Chunati wildlife sanctuary had the highest mean basal area with 53.9 m2/ha, and species diversity was highest in Sitakunda eco-park with a diversity index of 5.84. Although small scale farming was the main income source for all people in the past, the implemented in‑situ conservation strategies increased employment opportunities and turnover/ capita. 61% of all respondents were strongly satisfied about the socio-economic effects caused by the conservation strategies. The survey shows, that there exist different perceptions of the effects (e.g. infrastructure, education, employment opportunities, land prices) and the level of awareness of conservation activities in the study areas. The most relevant improvements following the in situ conservation strategies are depending on the different socio-economic conditions in the study area. While in Chunati wildlife sanctuary the tree planting programs have increased for the majority of all respondents (84%), in Dulahazara safari park the increased literacy was a key factor for 80% and in Sitakunda eco park land the increased quality of the infrastructure for 84%. In contrast the intensity of illegal cutting and thinning for serving daily needs of the rural people and the disturbances caused by tourism challenge conservation management. The results indicate that a combined increase of both socio-economic conditions and participation of rural people in formulating conservation objectives can have positive effects on the development of appropriate conservation strategies. A collaborative management approach is proposed to achieve a high level of satisfaction among rural people while maintaining biodiversity on the long run.