Identification of very early inflammatory markers in a porcine myocardial infarction model

Esther López,Ana Abad,Claudia Báez,Helena Martín,Virginia Blanco,Javier García Casado,Federica Marinaro,Rebeca Blázquez,Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo,Verónica Crisóstomo,Verónica Álvarez

doi:10.1186/s12917-019-1837-5

Abstract

BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most deleterious conditions leading to cardiovascular diseases and mortality. The importance of an early and accurate diagnosis assures immediate medical treatments, which are fundamental to reduce mortality and improve prognoses. AMI is associated to an inflammatory response which includes the increase of circulating inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and immune cell activation. This study aimed to identify which are the very early immune-related biomarkers that may be used as predictors of myocardial infarction severity. In order to mimic the pathophysiological events involved in human myocardial infarction, a temporary occlusion (90 min) of the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in a swine animal model.ResultsLymphocyte subsets analysis in peripheral blood revealed significant alterations in CD4+/CD8+ ratio and naïve and effector/memory T cell percentages at 1 h post-myocardial infarction. Changes in TH1/TH2-related cytokine, monocyte and neutrophil markers gene expression were observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well. Additionally, significant correlations between cardiac parameters (cardiac enzymes, left ventricular ejection fraction and % infarct) and blood-derived parameters (cytokine expression and lymphocyte subset distribution) were found.ConclusionsPeripheral blood lymphocyte alterations are easily and swiftly detectable, so they may be good biomarkers for a very early prognosis and to predict myocardial infarction severity.

Highlights

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most deleterious conditions leading to cardiovascular diseases and mortality
Phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes The phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in the animal model was analyzed by flow cytometry before and 1 h after myocardial infarction model creation
Our results have demonstrated that, 1 h after myocardial infarction, peripheral blood lymphocytes can “identify” these alarms showing alterations in lymphocyte subsets and cytokine expression

Summary

Introduction

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most deleterious conditions leading to cardiovascular diseases and mortality. The importance of an early and accurate diagnosis assures immediate medical treatments, which are fundamental to reduce mortality and improve prognoses. In order to mimic the pathophysiological events involved in human myocardial infarction, a temporary occlusion (90 min) of the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in a swine animal model. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main death causes in the world. An early and accurate diagnosis would guarantee immediate medical intervention, leading to reduced mortality and improved AMI prognosis. Animal models are widely used in the research of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and drug therapy [4]. Swine are reliable animal models in the field of cardiovascular diseases, due to their similarity in cardiac

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