Abstract
Larvae of the polyphagous tobacco cutworm moth, Spodoptera litura (S. litura), encounter potentially toxic allelochemicals in food. It is therefore important for S. litura to produce detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s). In this study, we have identified two novel cytochrome P450 genes of S. litura, named CYP321A7 and CYP321A9. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that they belong to the CYP321A subfamily. Expression levels of these genes at different development stages were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The highest expression was found in the midgut and the fat body. Larvae fed with a diet supplemented with xanthotoxin or coumarin showed a strongly increased expression of CYP321A7 and CYP321A9 in the midgut and fat body as compared to larvae that consumed a control diet. In contrast, larvae consuming a diet containing aflatoxin B1 or quercetin did not induce the expression of these genes. CYP321A7 and CYP321A9 showed different expression profiles with respect to certain allelochemicals. For example, a diet containing cinnamic acid stimulated the expression of CYP321A9, whereas no changes were observed for CYP321A7. We suggest that the fine tuning of P450 gene expression is an important adaptation mechanism that allows polyphagous S. litura larvae to survive in a changing chemical environment.
Highlights
The tobacco cutworm moth, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a noctuid moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is known as the common cutworm, cluster caterpillar, cotton leafworm or tropical armyworm
These findings indicate that the expression of P450 monooxygenases (P450s) genes in Spodoptera larvae is regulated by the consumption of xenobiotics, and suggest that these P450s are involved in the detoxification of allelochemicals and/or insecticides, which helps the Spodoptera larvae to adapt to the chemical environment around them
We have identified CYP321A7 and CYP321A9, two novel P450 genes of S. litura belonging to the CYP321 gene family (CYP321A subfamily)
Summary
The tobacco cutworm moth, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a noctuid moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is known as the common cutworm, cluster caterpillar, cotton leafworm or tropical armyworm. Expression levels of the CYP6B8 and CYP6B28 genes, which belong to the CYP3 clade, were significantly increased when H. zea larvae were fed with a diet containing xanthotoxin, phenobarbital, indole 3-carbinol, chlorogenic acid, rutin or flavones, suggesting a role for these P450 genes in the detoxification of plant-derived allelochemicals [11]. The expression of CYP6A8 in the fat body of S. litura was significantly reduced when larvae were fed with coumarin and cinnamic acid [6] Similar to these reports, expression levels of Spodoptera P450 genes were influenced by consumed plant allelochemicals and insecticides. OYPn3ly21lAow9. eOxnplryelsoswionexlepvreslsiwonerlevoeblsewrvereedoibnstehrevecdutiinclteh,ebcruaitnic,leo,vbarrayina,nd heomvoalryymapnhd. hTehme oelxypmrepshs.ioTnhleeveexlpsroefssCioYnP3le2v1eAls oinf tChYePm32id1gAu9t iwnetrhee1m.4-idtogu3t1.w5-efroeld1.h4i-ghtoer3t1h.5a-nfotlhdose inhthigehoetrhtehrantistshuoeses (inFitghueroet3hBer).tissues (Figure 3B)
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