Identification of the Transporters Involved in the Hepatobiliary Transport and Intestinal Efflux of Methyl 1-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-ethylvaleryl)-4-hydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-naphthoate (S-8921) Glucuronide, a Pharmacologically Active Metabolite of S-8921

Abstract

The glucuronide conjugate of methyl 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-ethylvaleryl)-4-hydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-naphthoate (S-8921; S-8921G) is a 6000-fold more potent inhibitor of an ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (SLC10A2) than S-8921 and is responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect of S-8921 in rats. Because S-8921G is formed in the intestine and liver, the present study investigated the transporters involved in the secretion of S-8921G that govern its exposure to the target site and thereby play an important role in its pharmacological action. Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1- and OATP1B3-expressing cells exhibited saturable accumulation of S-8921G with K(m) values (micromolar) of 1.9. The uptake of [14C]S-8921G by human cryopreserved hepatocytes was saturable and sodium-independent. Comparison of protein expression between the cDNA transfectants and hepatocytes suggests that the contribution of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide to the hepatic uptake of S-8921G is 63, 35, and 2.6%, respectively. The basal-to-apical transport of S-8921G was enhanced in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells expressing both OATP1B1 and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2. In Mrp2-deficient mutant rats [Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats (EHBR)], the biliary excretion clearance based on the plasma concentration was 20% of the normal value, whereas the pharmacokinetic parameters did not show any significant change in Bcrp-/- mice. Furthermore, the secretion clearance of S-8921G to the mucosal side was also significantly lower in everted jejunum sacs from EHBR (9.18 and 20.8 microl/min/g tissue). These results suggest that MRP2 is responsible for the secretion of S-8921G to the intestinal lumen and bile and that OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 account for the hepatic uptake. These transporters deliver S-8921G to the target site of its pharmacological action.