Identification of the raw and processed Crataegi Fructus based on the electronic nose coupled with chemometric methods

Chenghao Fei,Yulin Wang,Lin Li,Wu Yin,Weidong Li,Tulin Lu,Fangzhou Yin,Chenchen Ren

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79717-w

Abstract

Crataegi Fructus (CF) is widely used as a medicinal and edible material around the world. Currently, different types of processed CF products are commonly found in the market. Quality evaluation of them mainly relies on chemical content determination, which is time and money consuming. To rapidly and nondestructively discriminate different types of processed CF products, an electronic nose coupled with chemometrics was developed. The odour detection method of CF was first established by single-factor investigation. Then, the sensor array was optimised by a stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the best-optimised sensor array, the digital and mode standard were established, realizing the odour quality control of samples. Meanwhile, mathematical prediction models including the discriminant formula and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model exhibited good evaluation with a high accuracy rate. These results suggest that the developed electronic nose system could be an alternative way for evaluating the odour of different types of processed CF products.

Highlights

Crataegi Fructus (CF) is widely used as a medicinal and edible material around the world
Positive sensor response indicates that the reduction of gas is stronger than oxidation, while a negative response indicates that the oxidation of gas is stronger than reduction
°C16,17,27, and our pre-experimental results showed that the sensor response value would be too low to be detected at low incubation temperatures, the incubation temperature was set at 40–55 °C, which was consistent with that of most previous studies

Summary

Introduction

Crataegi Fructus (CF) is widely used as a medicinal and edible material around the world. To rapidly and nondestructively discriminate different types of processed CF products, an electronic nose coupled with chemometrics was developed. Mathematical prediction models including the discriminant formula and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model exhibited good evaluation with a high accuracy rate. These results suggest that the developed electronic nose system could be an alternative way for evaluating the odour of different types of processed CF products. Crataegi Fructus (CF) is obtained from the plants of the genus Crataegus of the Rosaceae family, which is mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere including Asia, Europe, and North A. Four types of processed CF products are available in the m

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion