Abstract

The oxazine fluorophore ATTO655 is routinely applied in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy due to its reversible photoswitching between a fluorescent and a nonfluorescent state by light in vitro and in living cells. The molecular basis of the oxazine switching has been unclear. Here, the photoreaction of ATTO655 in the presence of a 1000-fold excess of the reductant 2-mercaptoethanol was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) difference spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The high sensitivity and selectivity of this approach allowed us to identify the chemical structure of the product of photoswitching as the fully reduced and protonated form of the oxazine. This finding opens the door for both future synthetic as well as analytical work.

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