Abstract

The present study aims at examining a unique easel painting by the well-knownEgyptian painter, Mahmoud Sa'id. It was painted over four years and displayed atthe Agricultural Museum in Egypt. It experienced many deterioration phenomena.The study utilized some non-destructive and non-invasive analytical techniques,i.e. MA-XRF, SEM-EDX, ATR-FTIR, and GC-FID in addition to XRD and SM.Due to the case-study painting multilayers technique, the results of MA-XRF andEDX mapping and XRD patterns revealed using Ultramarine (Na,Ca)8 (AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2, yellow ochre (Fe2O3.H2O), red ochre (Fe2O3), and a mixture ofgraphite (C) and bone black (C,Ca5(OH)(PO4)3) as a coloring pigments in theblue, yellow, reddish brown and black samples, respectively. Moreover, Barite(BaSO4) and Zincite (ZnO) were used in the ground layer with Hydrocerussite(Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) and Sphalerite (ZnS) in lightening colors. Linseed oil wasasserted as the pigment binding media, while the binding media of the groundlayer was not confirmed. Furthermore, fragility, brittleness, cleavages, peeling,cracks, macro cracks, stains, and ancient fault restoration were detected in thecase-study painting. Accordingly, it urgently requires treatment.

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