Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), which infects goldfish and crucian carp causing high mortality, is an emerging viral pathogen worldwide. The genome of CyHV-2 is large and comprises double-stranded DNA, including several genes similar to cyprinid herpesvirus 1, ictalurid herpesvirus-1, cyprinid herpesvirus 3, and ranid herpesvirus-1. Genes of DNA viruses are expressed in three temporal phases: immediate-early (IE), early (E), and late (L) genes. Viral IE genes initiate transcription as soon as the virus enters the host, without viral DNA replication. IE gene products enable the efficient expression of E and L genes or regulate the host to initiate virus replication. In the present study, five IE genes of CyHV-2 were identified, including open reading frame (ORF)54, ORF121, ORF141, ORF147, and ORF155. Time course analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed five IE genes, thirty-four E genes, and thirty-nine L genes. In addition, all 150 ORFs identified in the CyHV-2 genome are transcribed, and are expressed in chronological order, similar to other herpesviruses. This study is the first to identify the IE genes of CyHV-2, which will provide more information for viral molecular characterization.
Highlights
IntroductionCyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), a pandemic pathogen for Carassius auratus, (e.g., crucian carp and goldfish) is a large, enveloped DNA virus that causes herpes viral hematopoietic necrosis (HVHN)
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), a pandemic pathogen for Carassius auratus, is a large, enveloped DNA virus that causes herpes viral hematopoietic necrosis (HVHN)disease
We identified 5 IE genes, 34 E genes, and 39 L genes from the CyHV-2 genome using high-throughput sequencing combined with CHX and Cytarabine (Ara-C) inhibitors, to other herpesviruses
Summary
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), a pandemic pathogen for Carassius auratus, (e.g., crucian carp and goldfish) is a large, enveloped DNA virus that causes herpes viral hematopoietic necrosis (HVHN). HVHN disease causes acute gill hemorrhage and high mortality, leading to a serious threat to crucian carp and goldfish populations. The disease has spread across the world and can be found in Japan [1], the USA [2], the UK [3], China [4], New Zealand [3], and Australia [5]. CyHV-2 is a member of the Alloherpesviridae family (genus Cyprinivirus), which comprises cyprinid herpesvirus (CyHV-3) and carp pox virus (CyHV-1). Symptomless surviving fish in populations with persistent infection can promote viral spread, representing a major route for CyHV-2 transmission that affects the global trade of healthy and infected goldfish. The complete genomes of seven CyHV-2 isolates have been published, including ST-J1 (NC019495, 290,304 bp, 150 ORFs), SY-C1 (KM200722, 289,365 bp, 140 ORFs), SY (KT387800, 290,455 bp, 150 ORFs), YC-01
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