Identification of the Human Papillomavirus Genotypes, According to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status in a Cohort of Women from Maputo, Mozambique.

Cremildo Maueia,Jahit Sacarlal,Alltalents Murahwa,Alice Manjate,Soren Andersson,Darlene Kenga,Anna-Lise Williamson,Tufária Mussá

doi:10.3390/v14010024

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is now a well-established cause of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. An association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and higher HPV incidence and prevalence are commonly reported. This study was conducted to demonstrate HPV prevalence, genotypes and its characteristics, according to the HIV status in women from Maputo in Mozambique. Methods: A total of 233 participants with ages ranging from fourteen to forty-five were included. Cervical samples were collected, DNA extracted, and HPV genotyping was performed using the HPV Direct Flow CHIP Kit. Results: In total, 177 HIV-negative and 56 HIV-positive women were included in the analysis. The overall HPV prevalence was 63% and was significantly higher among HIV-positive women (79% versus 58% among HIV-negative women; p = 0.005). The prevalence of multiple HPV type infections was 32%. High-risk HPV types 52, 68, 35, 18 and 16 were the most frequent. A higher proportion of HIV-positive women had multiple HPV types compared with HIV-negative women. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of HPV in the study cohort. HIV-positive women were identified as having the highest HPV prevalence and infection with multiple HPV types across all ages. High-risk genotypes were the most commonly found.

Highlights

To provide insights to inform the strategy for elimination of cervical cancer in Mozambique, the aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) types and its characteristics stratified by age and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, in women recruited from a Health Center (Maputo)
The study demonstrates a high HPV prevalence in this population (63%) which was significantly higher among HIV-positive women 79% versus 58% among HIV-negative women (p = 0.005); with a notably higher prevalence of multiple concurrent infections in the HIV-positive group
This study found a high prevalence of HPV in this cohort

Summary

Introduction

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a well-established cause of cervical cancer and there is growing evidence of HPV being a relevant factor in other anogenital cancers (anus, vulva, vagina and penis) as well as head and neck cancers [1]. Cervical cancer (CC) is the third most common cancer among women worldwide and in 2018, there were an estimated 569,847 new cases and 311,365 deaths related to CC [2]. Africa has an estimated population of 372.2 million women aged 15 years and older who are at risk of developing cervical cancer. Current estimates indicate that every year 119,284 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 81,687 die from the disease [3]. In Africa, CC ranks as the second most frequent cancer among women after breast cancer [3]

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