Abstract
Identification of the historical drought occurrence on the Danube River and its tributaries
Highlights
In the last decade after 2010, several dry years occurred in the entire Danube basin
Mészáros (2018) cites, that in 2017, below-average flow was recorded in all stations in the Morava river basin, the most stations had more than 10-day periods with a flow below Q355 and eleven stations were more than one day below Q364
The analysis of selected characteristics of low water content of selected streams in the Danube basin shows that the period 1920–1921 was an extremely dry period, that the series of minimum discharges (1, 3, 7, 30- and 90-day minimum discharges) in water gauging stations on the Danube River and selected tributaries are generally growing
Summary
In the last decade after 2010, several dry years occurred in the entire Danube basin. The hydrological drought in 2018 affected practically the entire territory of the Czech Republic. In most rivers, their levels fell down to the level of hydrological drought (355 daily flow) for several weeks. In the Slovak part of the Morava river basin, 2017 and 2018 were extremely dry. In the water gauging station with the longest series of measured flows, Moravský Svätý Ján: Morava, the year 2017 was evaluated as the third driest since the beginning of measurements. Drought is characterized by a slow onset and development that lasts for months It can sometimes occur throughout a season, year, and even a decade. In the studies of Slovak and foreign authors, eg: Dracup et al (1980), Wilhite and Glantz (1985), Bonacci (1993), Fendeková and Némethy (1994), Lešková, (1997), Tallaksen et al (1997), Byun and Wilhite (1999), Tate and Gustard (2000), Smakhtin and Hughes (2007), Brilly (2010), Klementová and Litschmannn (2001), Stahl (2001), Hisdal et al (2001), Smakhtin (2001), Blinka (2004, 2005), Hrvoľ and Tomlain (2008), Halmová et al (2011), Fendeková et al (2017), Hanel et al (2019), Hološ and Šurda (2021) we can find a number of drought definitions. Wilhite and Glantz (1985) define the following four types of drought: Meteorological drought: usually assessed on the basis
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